Medical Imaging Technology
Online ISSN : 2185-3193
Print ISSN : 0288-450X
ISSN-L : 0288-450X
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Volume 31, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Main Topic/Fundamentals of GPU Computing and Its Applications to Medical Image Processing
  • Fundamentals of GPU Computing and Its Applications to Medical Image Processing: Introduction
    Satoshi ITO
    2013 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 145-146
    Published: 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11409/mit.31.145
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • The GPU Accelerator and Its Research Trends
    Fumihiko INO, Kenichi HAGIHARA
    2013 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 147-152
    Published: 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11409/mit.31.147
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The graphics processing unit (GPU) is an acceleration unit for computer graphics applications. This paper presents its mechanism, programming techniques, and research trends to provide a useful guide for beginners who aim to utilize this emerging accelerator for general-purpose applications. We focus on two programming styles, a high-level style based on OpenACC and a low-level but tunable style based on compute unified device architecture (CUDA). We summarize their limitations and compare them in terms of the performance and the programmability.
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  • Development-Supporting Environment of GPGPU Programming for ITK
    Ryota AKIYAMA, Rui XU, Yasushi HIRANO, Shoji KIDO
    2013 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 153-158
    Published: 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11409/mit.31.153
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper describes a development-supporting environment of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) programming for Insight Segmentation and Registration toolkit (ITK). Performance of CT scanners has improved in recent years, thus amount of information in a CT image is becoming large. To solve the problem of the increasing computational cost for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), the acceleration of the computation is indispensable. The authors have proposed a method to accelerate arbitrary image processing programs by GPU parallel computation for ITK. In this paper, we present the mechanism of proposed method, usage examples and discussion about the effect of acceleration.
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  • Real-time 3D Medical Imaging using GPU-based Integral Videography
    Junchen WANG, Hongen LIAO
    2013 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 159-166
    Published: 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11409/mit.31.159
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    The lack of depth perception in 2D image-guided surgical navigation makes surgical procedures error-prone, especially when precise operation is required. Integral photography (IP), along with animated integral videography (IV), is an autostereoscopic 3D imaging and display technique that can produce true 3D images with stereo and motion parallax. The computer-generated IV rendering process for imaging 3D surface models or volumetric data simulates the original IV process using computer graphics, so it requires more computations than the normal rendering process and cannot achieve real-time imaging using only a CPU. In this paper, we first discuss the essence of IP from the viewpoint of a 4D light field. We then introduce the method we developed for real-time 3D imaging of both anatomical models and medical volumes, which uses consumer-level GPU-based IV, and present our flexible hybrid framework for GPU-based IV rendering. Finally, we describe the evaluation we performed using 3D imaging examples showing that our GPU implementation is at least 97 times faster than a CPU implementation and at most 400 times faster.
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  • Accelerating Magnetic Resonance Three-Dimensional Imaging with Compressed Sensing and GPU Computing
    Satoshi ITO, Fumihiko SAITO, Hirotoshi ARAI, Yoshifumi YAMADA
    2013 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 167-175
    Published: 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11409/mit.31.167
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    Compressed sensing (CS) has inspired significant interest because of its potential to reduce data acquisition time. In application of CS to MR data acquisition, 3D Cartesian sampling is much more attractive than 2D Cartesian sampling, because random sampling can be implemented in two phase-encoding directions. In addition, 3D imaging is more time-consuming than 2D imaging, so scan time reduction has more impact. In this paper, we have proposed and demonstrated the 3D CS using the 3D FREBAS transform as sparsifying transform function. In was shown that 3D CS provides images higher PSNR images compared to 2D CS when the signal compression rate is the same. Since CS reconstruction is an iterative reconstruction technique, especially in 3D image reconstruction so it is more computationally intensive than traditional inverse Fourier reconstruction. Here we illustrate how GPU can be used to achieve significant increases in CS reconstructions of 3D MRI data sets. We have shown that GPU dramatically accelerate CS MRI reconstruction with 3D images. Experimental results show that CS reconstruction with 256×256×64 images based on GPU was executed in 53 s while CPU computing cost was 807 s.
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Papers
  • Patient-Specific 3D Visualization of the Liver and Vascular Structures and Interactive Surgical Planning System
    Tomoko TATEYAMA, Masaki KAIBORI, Tsukasa SHINDO, FORUZAN Amir Hossein, ...
    2013 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 176-188
    Published: 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11409/mit.31.176
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Supplementary material
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    Computer-assisted diagnosis/surgery systems have had a significant influence on the diagnosis and surgical treatment of hepatic diseases. In this paper, we propose a novel simulation system for liver surgical planning that combines image processing and computer vision techniques. The proposed system is composed of three modules: liver segmentation, vessel extraction, and visualization/interaction. We first segment the liver region from a CT volume using K-means clustering and geodesic active contour algorithms. We then extract the vessels using multiscale filters. The third visualization/interaction module visualizes the vessels and prepares a virtual environment for the user to perform surgical procedures on the liver image. First, the internal structure of the liver together with the vessels is shown to the physician. Virtual surgery is then started. A toggling option makes it easy to view the internal structure of the liver or make it opaque during surgery. This system is expected to be useful for treatment/surgical planning and may even serve as a guided surgery system.
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  • Diaphragm Respiratory Motion Model with Ribcage Movement
    Takayuki OOKURA, Hirotaka ITO, Seiichi KOSHIZUKA, Akihiro NOMOTO, Akih ...
    2013 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 189-197
    Published: 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11409/mit.31.189
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The amount of radiation delivered to normal tissues during radiotherapy can be reduced by predicting the respiratory motion of tumor tissues based on physical simulation. The diaphragm, which lies immediately below the lungs, is one of the main structures involved in respiratory motion and is an important boundary condition for lung deformation. For these reasons, it is important to estimate the motion of the diaphragm. We therefore propose a model of diaphragm motion based on anatomical knowledge. Since diaphragm motion is affected by ribcage movement, the interactions with ribcage movement are taken into consideration in the proposed model. Calculation is based on the shapes of the diaphragm and ribcage obtained from exhalation 3D CT images. The result of calculation in the inhalation phase is compared to the shape obtained from inhalation CT images to validate the model.
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Tutorial
  • Recent Trends in MRI Technology (2) History of Data Acquisition System in MRI
    Tokunori KIMURA
    2013 Volume 31 Issue 3 Pages 198-203
    Published: 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11409/mit.31.198
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Here the history of MRI data acquisition was introduced. The development history of MRI data acquisition system is a speed-up of acquisition time while keeping SNR per unit time; and in addition, the diversification of imaging parameters. Pulse sequence, which is a software program for controlling MRI hardware system including magnet, gradient magnetic field, RF transmission and receiver, has a great degree of freedom, and have been progressing under the limitation such as the relaxation time of T1 or T2 in human tissues. The Fourier transform (FT) is a basic technique for MR imaging, where the raw data is acquired in the spatial frequency domain named “k-space ”. The problem for MR data acquisition is to fill the k-space as fast and high SNR as possible. Quantification and standardization have recently been an important key in MRI.
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