As far as financial accounting is concerned, cash (and securities held) in the amount of 100 on balance sheet of audited filing documents shall be valued at 100. With respect to management accounting or VBM (Value-Based Management), however, is it really 100 ? From the viewpoint of valuation, that is market assessment, certain market data or empirical research suggests that value of cash (and securities held) of Japanese entities is worth circa 50. Given the deviation thereof, investor survey has been conducted to obtain implications on qualitative assessment of the market. With that intelligence, in a bid to mitigate the dichotomy behind discount, as VBM, corporate governance and accountability of Equity Spread and capital budgeting are hereby proposed.

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Strategy formulation and strategy execution represent upper and lower streams of the same strategy that complement each other. The two processes, however, often would not function seamlessly unless some forms of purposeful intervention exist, since each has its proper body of knowledge and key processes and procedures that lack commonality. This paper presents a case from Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group and a solution to the issue by introducing a technique to device scenario planning as an effective medium between the two processes.

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The purpose of this research is mainly to investigate the similarities and the differences of cost accounting practices for hospitals in Japan and Germany. The questionnaire concerning cost accounting was replied from Japanese and German medical hospitals from October to December of 2010. This paper studies the characteristics of cost accounting practices for hospitals about some several results such as the role of cost accountants, IT systems and the structure of cost accounting. These selected results show that there are gaps between education and practice, and career developments of cost accountants between two countries.

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We researched whether extent of public interest orientation of organizations affect use of performance measurement indicators. We have two hypotheses. First, public interest orientations of organizations increase use of outcome measures. Second, public interest orientations of organizations decrease importance of financial indicators. The empirical analysis based on a sample of 77 nursing homes in Chiba prefecture provides results to partly support these hypotheses.

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The purpose of this research is to explore how the use of management accounting in a front line makes influence on building the interactive network while management accounting is institutionalized in an organization. This paper actually adopts a case study based on the perspective of the institutional theory. In conclusion, there are four elements to influence building the interactive network ; first, to make organizational members share not only profit targets within their responsibility but also superior ones ; second, to make them share the normative values to achieve profit targets ; third, to encourage them to improve using management accounting system as well as understand information provided by it ; last, to adapt to uncertainties and provide institutional basis for decision making via accounting routine.

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