Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to clarify the characteristics of environmental factors related to the participation and living space of day-care service users.

Methods: The participants were 99 day-care service users (day-care and day-rehabilitation) aged 65 years or older. Participation was assessed using the Community Integration Questionnaire, life space was evaluated using the Life Space Assessment, and environmental factors were measured using the Home and Community Environment tool. A hypothetical model was developed and validated using structural equation modeling.

Results: Environmental factors related to participation and life space were directly or indirectly influenced by those associated with transportation, residents’ attitudes, and communication support tools.

Conclusion: Different environmental factors affect participation and life space depending on the type of participation. Environmental factors related to participation may indirectly influence life space through their effects on participation.

Objective: To develop a nomogram model that predicts the timing of independent level-ground walking, even in patients with severe hemiplegic stroke, including acute cases, based on information obtained at the start of Welwalk training.

Methods: The subjects included 79 patients admitted to the acute ward of the hospital who underwent Welwalk training. Study outcomes were acquisition of level walking independence at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after onset, and we developed a nomogram model to predict acquisition rates based on basic information, physical functions, and cognitive functions at the start of Welwalk training.

Results: Age, days since onset, Stroke Impairment Assessment Set trunk item total, Functional Independence Measure cognitive item total, and Gait Ability Assessment at the start of Welwalk training were found to be significant predictors of future acquisition rates. A nomogram model for predicting level walking independence was successfully developed.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that, even in patients with severe hemiplegic stroke—including acute cases—walking independence on level ground could be predicted at multiple time points using a nomogram based on information at the start of Welwalk training. These findings suggest the model’s clinical usefulness for discharge planning and setting rehabilitation goals.