High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIg therapy) is effective for Kawasaki disease, a vasculitis syndrome. However due to issues that are associated with immunoglobulin preparation, such as the risk of possible contamination by infectious agents and limited blood banking resources, recombinant immunoglobulins are required. Therefore, we cloned recombinant IgG gene fragments from human lymphocytes, established a library, and selected one clone that was therapeutically effective at low doses using MPO-ANCA-related vasculitis model mice. We developed a novel recombinant antibody drug candidate, VasSF, and apolipoproteinA2 (APOA2) has been identified as one of VasSF's target molecules. Furthermore, we report that APOA2 was also found to be effective in Kawasaki disease model mice.

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Lupus nephritis is one of the most important organ involvements in systemic lupus erythematosus. The pathological diagnosis of lupus nephritis is performed according to International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) classification (2018 revised) because its diagnosis and treatment strategy depend on the classification. This manuscript focuses on the light microscopic diagnosis of lupus nephritis.

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