We investigated the effectiveness of warm seawater as a treatment against two fouling organisms, the blown alga Laminaria japonica and the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, in multiple-harvest aquaculture of Sargassum fusiforme. Thalli of S. fusiforme fixed along four ropes (2 m long) were vertically aquacultured at 0-2 m depth in Okirai Bay, northeastern Japan, from October, 2006, to September, 2007. A warm seawater treatment (10-sec exposure at 45°C) was conducted twice for the all ropes during the germination period of L. japonica (February, 2007). Thereafter, the same treatment was done monthly to two ropes during the settlement period of M. galloprovincialis (May-August, 2007). The treatment had no negative effect on thallus growth of S. fusiforme, and no thallus of L. japonica was observed on any rope after the first treatment. This demonstrates that the warm seawater treatment is an effective countermeasure against fouling by L. japonica. M. galloprovincialis began to appear along the all ropes in July, 2007. However, the density of this species along the ropes subjected monthly to warm seawater was significantly lower than along the ropes lacking this treatment, and the wet weight of the mussels was significantly lower at 1-2 m depth than at 0-1 m depth. Thus, the density and wet weight of mussels at 1-2 m depth along the treated ropes were only 38.7% and 51.2% of those at 0-1 m depth along the untreated ropes. The combination of warm seawater treatment and choice of aquaculture depth evidently can control the settlement and growth of M. galloprovincialis.

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Mussel adhesive protein (MAP) shows promise for the future as a new artificial adhesive material for bonding surgical incisions. The adhesive properties of MAP, however, have not been clarified until now. The purpose of this study was to assess the adhesive strength of MAP with respect to various substrates. The effect of curing temperature on the curing time of MAP after bonding to the substrate was also investigated. Adhesive strength was measured, using a newly developed peel test, using byssus preparations exposed to different curing temperatures (20°C, 40°C, 70°C) for 24 hours following an initial 48 hours of curing at 20°C. Adhesive strength depended on the curing temperature, being 19% lower at a curing temperature at 40°C than at 20°C, and 41% lower at 70°C. In terms of its adhesive strength, MAP may thus be suitable as a medical adhesive in surgery.

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