During Japan’s post-war economic boom from the 1960s through the 1980s, the country experienced an explosive increase in pet ownership, which led to an increase in the number of exotic bird species establishing wild populations. In particular, myna species (Acridotheres) have been sighted throughout the country, and the author has recorded breeding of the Crested Myna A. cristatellus, Javan Myna A. javanicus, Common Myna A. tristis, Bank myna A. ginginianus, and Great Myna A. grandis. As of 2023, only the Crested Myna occurs in Kanagawa Prefecture and western Japan, including Hyogo and Kagawa Prefectures, and is expanding its distribution. This paper discusses the factors that led to its invasion and establishment based on past observation records, with reference to the various problems it causes. It also highlights the necessity of monitoring its population status and the possibility of recognizing it as a new wild species in the urban ecosystems.

View full abstract

The foraging behavior and habitat use of dark morphs of the Pacific Reef Heron Egretta sacra were investigated along rocky coasts in central Japan. A behavior in which individuals crouch with their wings spread outward while ambushing prey was defined as the "crouch with outstretched wings". Pacific reef herons foraged in a variety of ways across different habitats, mainly along rocky coasts. They often used ambush foraging in deeper and either walked while foraging or used ambush foraging in shallow water. They also searched for prey in flight and caught it by plunging their bills into the water. The "crouch with outstretched wings" behavior was often observed when waves were approaching. This behavior may play a role in maintaining posture and stability under wave action on rocky shores.

View full abstract

The Chestnut-eared Bunting Emberiza fucata was censused along 1,200 transects (2 km in length) located within 1,062 quadrats (4.5 x 5.0 km) in Hokkaido from late April to late July during the period 1976–2025. Additional data were obtained from spot census records and literature surveys to determine its distribution. The Chestnut-eared Bunting was distributed mainly in plains, basins, and lowlands along major rivers, and was recorded mostly at altitudes of 300 m or less. Its main habitats are grasslands and agricultural land.

View full abstract