The aim of this paper is to access the psychological condition of players during a tennis match by use of match contents analysis sheets. I examined the validity of the assessments by looking at the players’ psychological condition throughout the match (In-game Assessment) and compared it to their post-game assessments (Post-game Assessment). Furthermore, I examined each player’s psychological condition (during the matches), looked at the psychological changes which occurred during the match, and the flow of the matches. The results are as follows: 1） Differences between “In-game Assessment” and “Post-game Assessment” While the assessment In-game and Post-game were consistent, several points were significantly different for each player. In particular, if a player won the match, their Post-game Assessment score would be far greater than their In-game Assessment. This was particularly true for players who won their match, who would have high psychological assessment scores in their Post-Game Assessment while largely ignoring their In-Game Assessment scores. This was found throughout official and unofficial tournaments as well as practice matches. 2） Changes in the players’ psychological condition during a tennis match The difference in a player’s level could be observed from the stability of his or her psychological condition during a tennis match. Player Y, a High Level player, had low psychological fluctuations. On the other hand, Player X, a Low Level player, had high psychological fluctuations if the match progressed poorly, showing great changes in “unforced play”, “unease”, “calmness/composure” measures.

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In theoretical studies on the important point count in tennis (Morris, 1977; Croucher, 1986), it is assumed that the point winning rate of a point count does not depend on the past status (the point independence) and the point winning rates in all point counts are the same (the constant point winning rate). However, it is not clarified whether they are established in individual players. The purpose of this study was as follows: In terms of the service games of Novak Djokovic and Kei Nishikori (1) to verify whether the assumptions of the theoretical studies was proven or not. (2) to clarify the difference between Djokovic and Nishikori in the increase and decrease tendency of the point winning rate of each point count and the degree of establishment of the point independence. Data for Djokovic were taken from 67 matches (consist of 176 sets, 826 games, 4,756 points) and for Nishikori were taken from 29 matches (consist of 83 sets, 375 games, 2,359 points). The matches include Davis Cup, the Grand Slams, ATP finals, and Masters1000 played on hard-court from January 2018 to January 2020. These data were collected from the match video on WOWOW on-demand. The results were as follows: (1) In the service games both of Djokovic and Nishikori, it was suggested that the point independence was nearly established, but it was clear that the point winning rate was not constant in all point counts. In other words, in the assumptions of the theoretical studies, the constant point winning rate was rejected. (2) Between Djokovic and Nishikori, in their service games, it was suggested that the increase and decrease tendency of the point winning rate in each point count differ. (3) It was clear that the degree of establishment of the point independence was higher in Djokovic’s service games than that of Nishikori’s.

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In 2019, the Japan Sports Agency formulated the Sports Organizations Governance Code to enhance the value of sports by preventing scandals in sports organizations. The code consists of several principles regarding institutional design and information disclosure, which each sports organization is expected to follow voluntarily. This does not directly apply to college sports teams, but only to “organizations of which the main purpose is to carry out business for the promotion of sport” as referred to in Article 2, Section 2 of the Basic Act on Sports. However, as seen in the scandal of the American football team of Nihon University, it is necessary to strengthen the overnance of college sports teams, to which college tennis teams are not an exception. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to understand the actual situation of governance in college tennis teams considering the purpose of the Sports Organizations Governance Code. The survey was conducted at 268 colleges registered with the All Japan Inter-Collegiate Tennis Federation, and the representatives of each college were asked to answer their demographics and respond to the assessment measures regarding the governance of college tennis teams. Simple tabulation and cross-analysis were conducted, and the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used at a significance level of five percent. Based on the results of this analysis, this study makes recommendations for the good governance of college tennis teams.

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Sports comprise inherent physical dangers in playing, and accidents such as injuries are inevitable to a certain extent. Tennis is obviously no exception. However, these accidents may lead to trouble between the parties concerned and legal disputes, such as lawsuits. When such disputes occur, it is important for tennis players to understand who is legally responsible in case of an accident. Therefore, this study aims to analyze court decisions on different tennis accidents to clarify what kind of negligence is found on the part of the parties involved in tennis accidents, and what factors related to tennis are emphasized in finding negligence. The results of the analysis suggest that the level of the participants, the danger of the chosen practice methods, and the existence or non-existence of specific safety instructions by the coach or the organizer are key factors in judging negligence in court cases of tennis accidents. Based on the results of this study, we propose actions for tennis players to prevent accidents and to avoid legal liability in case of accidents.

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