A follow-up survey of dandelion plants (Taraxacum) in 1990-1992, ten years after the initial survey using the same site designation methods in the southern Kanto district, revealed the following facts. Firstly, in the Tokyo urban area, the occurrence of both dandelion species had little changed; that is, the introduced one dominated there. Secondly, in the suburban areas, the number of lots in the recent survey where the native diploid species dominated had decreased compared with the previous survey, whereas the number of lots where the introduced species dominated had increased. Third, analysis of land-use in the two surveys revealed that a sharp decrease in cultivated fields, which are preferred by the native diploid species, caused a 48.7% drop in this dandelion's occurrence in the suburban areas. The count of the introduced dandelions also dropped by 3.5% in southern Tama, one suburb area. This species decreased in sites such as roadsides and vacant areas that have diminished, and increased on areas such as parking lots and children's playgrounds that have been expanded over the last ten years. These findings clarified the fact that decreases in habitat resulted in the retreat of ranges and declines in the frequency of occurrence for both dandelion species in the urban and suburban areas.

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Food habits of the Japanese marten (Martes melampus) were studied by scat analysis, and 11 questionnaires send to camp-site managers in Hinode-cho and Akiruno-shi, 50 km west of Tokyo Metropolitan district, between October 1997 and November 1998. In this area martens mainly ate fruits, insects and small mammals but not human food remains. A similar trend was found when 4 other studies in Kisokomagatake, Nikko, and Tsushima were compared with this data by using cluster analysis.

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A questionnaire was conducted to analyze hunters' attitudes toward the hunting condition, hunting regulation and wildlife in Yamanashi Prefecture. There were 327 respondents, and the response rate was 59.5%. Wild boar (Sus scrofa) was the most popular game species, and nuisance animals tended to be selected. The average age of respondents was 56.1 ± 9.6 (SD), and hunters older than 50 years of age made up over fifty percent. The annual number of days spent hunting tended to decrease, and that main reason was "busy with other activity". The shortage of hunters was the main problem of the present nuisance control system. But neither the hunting association nor the administrative agencies have actively tried to recruit new hunters.

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Marine algal flora off the coast of Jusan-Hama in Kitakami, Miyagi Prefecture was studied from April 1998 to February 1999. 102 species of marine algae were listed, 13 of which belong to Chlorophyta, 28 to Phaeophyta, 61 to Rhodophyta, and one species of sea grass. Over ten species of the small annual algae matured throughout the year. The small perennial algae mainly matured from autumn to winter. Among the large perennial brown algae, those are Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum micracanthum, S. siliquastrum, S. thunbergii, and S. yezoense of Fucales, and Arame kelp (Eisenia bicyclis) of Laminariales, matured in summer and autumn-winter, respectively.

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Marine algal flora off the coast of Shimo-Kajiro in Iwaki city was studied during the period from November 1998 through October 1999. A total of 84 species of marine algae were listed, 7 of which belong to Chloropyta, 19 to Phaeophyta and 57 to Rhodophyta, and one speice of sea grass. The small annual algae matured throughout the year. Many small and large perennial algae matured from summer to autumn. Summer is considered to be the most suitable season for construction of artificial reef afforestation.

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