[in Japanese]

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In this study, on the municipalities executing waste processing system change introducing biogasification of kitchen waste and pre-paid refuse bags service along with the extending plan of the solid waste disposal, I quantitatively evaluated the effect of the introduction. I investigated hearing by two municipalities (one case shifted from land disposal processing as mixed refuse and another case shifted from small-scale incineration processing), and evaluated the entire waste processing system by amount of processing waste, amount of the final disposal, processing cost, energy consumed, amount of greenhouse gas discharge, and amount of dioxins discharge. As a result, it is common to two cases, the entire amount of garbage and the amount of the final disposal decrease, and the processing cost and the energy consumed have increased. In the case shifted from land disposal processing, the amount of the discharge of greenhouse gas has decreased, too. In the case shifted from small-scale incineration processing, the amount of the discharge of PCDDs decreased though the amount of the discharge of the greenhouse gas increased.

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The prototype system modeled on KAWASAKI City which can evaluate the effect of recycling scenario quantitatively by utilizing a spatial distribution characteristic using the GIS database and the LCA technique was developed, and the economical efficiency and environmental impact (CO2 emission) about the several recycling scenarios were evaluated. As a result, useful cost-effectiveness was expected at the case which assumed the increase of recycling route and the reduction of the number of the incineration facilities.

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[in Japanese]

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The objective of this study is to evaluate alternatives of Regional Waste Management System by using Analytic Network Process, to show reasonable efficacy of ANP and to clear up effect of evaluation results.

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The 21st century is called a century of the environment while the 20th century was a century of mass production, mass consumption, and mass waste. It is based on the centralized system to reduce the energy and cost. It has been thought that concentrated system to collect the waste in a large area has advantage for the cost in the recycling oriented society. However, it is also important to consider various changes and risks besides the cost. The adoption of the cellular manufacturing has increased instead of mass production with assembly line operation, which has a cost advantage, to correspond the change of production and various risks in production industries. In addition, the distributed system has been focused on the environmental impact like the reduction of CO2 emission to collect the waste. Therefore, the mass waste treatment in the centralized system is not always advantageous in the recycling system to construct the sustainable society. In this paper, it proposed compact/flexible/universal recycling system. It became clear which kinds of advantage this system has compare with the concentrated system in the recycling oriented society.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate LCA in demolition processing of the buildings and recycle of the demolition waste. Therefore an life cycle inventory for crush of wood in wooden building and concrete in reinforced concrete building was analyzed. In the demolition of the wooden building, about 40% were lower in the carbon dioxide discharge of onsite processing than waste processing field. In the case of the demolition of a reinforced concrete building, when it was recycled at once after concrete was crushed in the onsite field, the carbon dioxide discharge of demolition processing was the lowest.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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The characterisitics on waste disposing behavior and the unit weight distribution of combustible waste bag was conducted, which was based on the amount distribution of waste bag in one district in Fukuoka city, Japan. The weights on the waste bag were measured to clarify the actual status on the waste disposing. As a result, any people reduces the waste disposing frequency not from the bother on the waste disposing but from the adjustment of the density of waste bag. Many people decide the size of waste bag in advance based on the amount grasping from the long time experience. The unit weight on waste bag was recognized 0.10 - 0.12 kg/L as full.

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This paper aims to analyze and survey the influence from location of urbanization process for waste collection points. Information of road location based on road ledger is analyzed from 2007. The survey factors are the road and the bring collection points in study area. It clarified that the half of no collection route has narrow width of road and cul-de-sac. The bring collection points is related in a road condition. It is proved that the bring collection points which in decided by width of road, connect of road condition and width of road, road side has houses influences to the waste carrying distance.

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[in Japanese]

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In the replacement of the waste treatment facilities, the alternative of the complete public organized or private-finace intiative(PFI) was discussed involving citizens, labour union and academic experts. The VFM evaluation (comparison in cost) of 20 years-period proved PFI would be 12.2 % lower than complete public organization. The facilities was expected to be operated for 35 years long, namely, 21 years-old facilities would be returned to public organization. The public organization must monitor the PFI-based facilities in good conditions for rest 15 years usage, on the other hand they must minimize cost by bidding. The viewpoint of citizen ranged over waste collection, treatment, recycling and disposal phases, however, the relevant issue was limited to intermediate treatment only. Some trouble between collection and treatment parties would be anticipated, such as "Don't neglect the treatment ! " versus "Collected waste is too bad ! ". Taking PFI-based facilities might result in difficult govermental operation in exchange of cost reduction.

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We have studied before now on the application of a closed system disposal facility (CS) as a storage facility when waste is regarded as resources. As one of results of these studies, we proposed the system in which CS would be used again as a disposal facility after being used as a storage facility for resources. In this study, case studies were conducted in order to study the prolongation of landfills and economic effects when applying the proposal mentioned above. Consequently, it was proved that the prolongation of landfills and economic effects could be gained by applying the proposal when organizing appropriate facilities, even though there were a lot of issues like a method to store organic waste for a long time, keeping the quality of the organic waste.

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A numerical simulation model for wide-area cooperative measures in the emergency debris operation was developed. As a result, the required period for emergency debris operation with wide-area cooperation by the backyard method on the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake was estimated at 4.4 months; that on the Tokai Earthquake was estimated at 9.3 months; that on the earthquake disaster in the Tokyo Metropolitan area was estimated at 21.6 months. In addition, it was indicated that the required period for emergency debris operation in the huge earthquake disasters was influenced by the wide-area cooperative measures.

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[in Japanese]

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In Japan, dangerous and frequent accidents of explosion, fire, and poisoning have been reported at solid waste treatment facilities. It is necessary for the prevention of these accidents not only to study and analyze the accidental mechanism based on the experiment but also to build the information system to provide information on process safety management. Therefore, we built up the information system that contains database on accident cases, hazard of process and material related to the waste treatment and risk evaluation method from based on the knowledge of environmental chemistry, waste treatment engineering and safety engineering. We firstly collected the information on the accidents from 1996 to 2003 in Japan and extracted and characterized a hazard scenario as the combination of substance and the process (heating, pressurization, crush mixture etc.). Finally, we organized the accidents information and the experimental result about some accident. Then we built up the information system that contains database on accident cases, hazard of process and material related to the waste treatment and risk evaluation method. This information system was set up a web site on the Internet, which all people related with waste treatment can use for safety education, administrative guidance and safety design of waste treatment facilities etc.

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[in Japanese]

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Tottori is an appropriate region for monitoring the marine litter in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, because the litter from all the East and Southeast Asian countries contiguous to this sea is washed up on the beaches of Tottori. However, in order to estimate the variation in the quantity and species of the floating marine litter, it is necessary to investigate the processes from floating litter to beach litter. The floating litter is periodically washed up on the beach by the inshore wind and the run-up of waves which are efficiently raised by the inshore wind. Though the resultant litter lies in strips along the wave run-up lines, strong winds selectively disperse some kinds of items from the strips. Furthermore, the strong winds cause the wind blown sand, the high run-up of waves, and the littoral drift of sand, which cover the fresh beach litter with sand at some times, and at other times make the buried old litter emerge. Therefore, in order to evaluate the amount of the beach litter which is freshly washed up from the sea, it is important to consider the monitoring method of reducing the influence of these phenomena.

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[in Japanese]

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Although many countries have regulated transboundary movement of hazardous waste, based on the Basel Convention, there are several incidents of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes, which caused pollution damage or were caught by authorities. This paper examines 13 cases of illegal transboundary movement of hazardous waste and others, in order to find a way of improving the management of transboundary movement of hazardous waste and others. It became clear that in several cases, the view of an exporting country and an importing country divides by the difference in the definition of hazardous wastes, and that an exporting country has not recognized as hazardous wastes, when it was exported.. It is required to build a common view about the definition in an exporting country and an importing country. In addition, an exporting country and an importing country should cooperate to strengthen the enforcement of regulation.

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It aims at sustainable development in all parts of the world, and the number of industrial estates where the environment was considered, so-called eco-industrial park (Eco-Industrial Park,EIP), has increased. In this report, typical EIP in the world was taken up, and the patternizing that paid attention to the ratio of the numbers of each artery enterprise and vein enterprise was tried. And, a basic examination for the patternizing to be able to make the feature of EIP clearer by comparing population etc. of a regional municipality where a regional area of the object and EIP of each EIP exist is described.

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[in Japanese]

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Treatment of container and packaging (C&P) plastic waste is difficult because it is the mixture of many sorts of plastic and other materials and the cost of treatment is increasing rapidly to become a social issue. The comprehensive evaluation of environmental impact and economy of C&P plastic waste treatment has practically not be carried out. We evaluated the balance of environmental impact and economy on the treatment methods of C&P plastic waste using the eco-efficiency. The result shows the eco-efficiency of gasification, cement material, RPF (solid fuel) and incineration with power generation were high and of blast furnace material and coke oven material were secondly high and of mechanical recycling was low.

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The problems associated with the thermal or material recycling of waste plastics are the productions of hydrogen chloride and chlorine gas in addition to the formation of dioxins and furans. These problems caused by chlorine in the waste plastics can be avoided by the removal of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) from waste plastics. Therefore, the separation of PVC from waste plastic mixture is important for the recycle. We found that the ozone could selectively modified surface of PVC and the hydrophilicity of PVC was increase. The separation of PVC from virgin plastics mixture was possible by froth flotation after selective increase in hydrophilicity of PVC by ozonation. The objective of this study is the application of this technology to real ASR (Automobile Shredder Residue). Most of PVC which concentration was about 3% in heavy fraction of real ASR could be separated in small floating faction.

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Improvement experiments of dredging soils were conducted and results of Dioxin content tests were obtained. The theoretical contents in consideration for dilution by additional quantity of cementing materials were evaluated. The ratio of the observed contents to the theoretical ones seems to be inversely proportional to the amount of cementing materials.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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