1990 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 475-482
The larval duration of Protocalliphora maruyamensis was 1.7 days in the 2nd instar and 4.5 days in the 3rd instar. The time required from egg to pupa was estimated at about 8 days. The larvae lived in nest materials of host birds and came in direct contact with nestlings only when feeding. They attached themselves to hosts using the second or third abdominal segment and punctured their naked skin with their mouth hooks to suck blood. The pupal duration of P. maruyamensis was 6.0 days at 30°C, 8.0 days at 25°C and 10.3 days at 20°C. At 15°C, no pupae developed to the adult stage. In Tokachi, P. maruyamensis was univoltine. On the other hand, all P. azurea females stayed in reproductive diapause in 12L-12D but developed thir ovaries in 16L-8D. Passer rutilans was not as suitable a host of P. maruyamensis as Parus major. This may be partially due to the predatory behaviour of Passer rutilans nestlings.
