Abstract
The thermal sensation of human being (the subject) is influenced by a composition of the exterior space where he stands (Fig-1). We show factors of a composition of exterior space by its scale, layout of walls and cover, and Closed Ratio (C.R.), for example, H (1)-[3 NS]-C.R. (0.57). The scale is expressed by names of the models in Space Modular Co-ordination Chart. The layout of walls and cover is classified by number of closed face (1〜6) (Fig-2). The method of calculating C.R. is shown in Fig-3. We measure the thermal environments of exterior spaces (streets, open spaces, etc.) by S〜H (1) models in Space Modular Co-ordination Chart (100m×100m〜1km×1km : FIELD, 1m×1m〜10m×10m : UNIT). Next, to evaluate the thermal environments of exterior spaces, we measured air temperature, surface temperdtures of walls and grounds, wind velocity at exterior spaces of several types for 24 hours at intervals of one hour, in summer, at Takashimadaira (high-rise apartment houses area) and Sumida (high-dense residential area) in Tokyo (Fig-4). The composition of the exterior spaces are shown in Fig-5, 8. The data of the measurements are shown in the rest of graphs in Fig-6〜12, Table-1, 2. Fig-10 shows the distribution of surface temperature of exterior space by infrared photographs. We found that is slight distribution of air temperature in 1kmx 1km field (H (1) model), but that the differences of surface temperatures are very large because of difference of compositions of each exterior spaces. So, the factors of them (layout of walls and cover and trees, C.R., materials) are important for their thermal environments.
