Abstract
Large-scale outdoor monuments were made with exposed white concrete. A major hollow cone monument was designed as 7m heights, 7m base diameters and 24m^3 concrete volumes. To prevent air voids of the surface of the cone and concrete pouring joints, the cone form was set upside-down (V shape) and self-compactable concrete was poured continuously. After concrete hardened, the cone, with steel form work and steel supporting frame (total 120ton weights) was reversed into right posture, by overhead cranes putted on a temporary steel frame with computer control. The sculptor was satisfied with the results of these concrete works.
