Abstract
The colonial government constituted the Government Forest to promote scientific forestry partly through acquisition of community forests which were maintained by the local people. Restrictive forest-pastoral policies introduced by the Government drove the peoples lives to severe hardship. They fought against them by means of petition firstly, and lastly incendiarism. On the other hand many artificial regeneration programs failed because of commercial-oriented forestry which would not take the local ecosystem into consideration. These forest-pastoral policies divided the trimurty of forest user, regulator of abuse and caretaker which were realized before British rule, and thus in turn destroyed the culture of ecological resource utilization. This is the reason why those policies could not be successful.
