Correction of diurnal temperature variations associated with the observational site relocation

- A case study of Russian meteorological observations at Hakodate during 19th century -

Abstract

In order to correct the 19^th century meteorological data at Hakodate observed by Russian medical doctor, we analyzed diurnal temperature variations at 4 observation sites in Hakodate city in July, 2016.  As a result, diurnal temperature variation patterns are affected by the local factors, such as coast/inland and urban/rural.  Daytime temperatures are relatively higher at inland, whereas nighttime temperatures are lower at rural sites. Corrected Russian meteorological data indicates extremely low summer (July) temperatures in 1859-1862,  although summer temperatures around 1860s in Japan are estimated to have been higher.