Oral epidemiologic research utilizing big data

Abstract

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered as the study design with the highest level of evidence. However, it is often challenging to conduct large-scale and long-term RCTs, and the generalizability of the findings from RCTs is limited. In contrast, recent advances in epidemiologic theory and the accumulation of large-scale data have increased the value of evidence derived from observational studies. RCTs and observational studies have different advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is important to understand their characteristics. This article introduces observational studies in dentistry and explains key points for increasing the value of evidence derived from observational studies.