Allergology International
Online ISSN : 1440-1592
Print ISSN : 1323-8930
ISSN-L : 1323-8930
Original Articles
A novel detection method for cross-linking of IgE-receptors by autoantibodies in chronic spontaneous urticaria
Yuki KogaTomoharu YokoojiRyohei OginoTakanori TaogoshiShunsuke TakahagiKaori IshiiYuko ChinukiEishin MoritaMichihiro HideHiroaki Matsuo
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2022 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 94-102

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Abstract

Background: Autoantibodies (AAbs) against immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies (Abs) and their high-affinity receptor alpha subunits (FcεRIα) are key factors in the elicitation of type IIb autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria (type IIb aiCSU). In this study, we aimed to develop a new method to detect functional anti-FcεRIα and anti-IgE AAbs, which can crosslink the plural FcεRIα molecules and IgE Abs on the surface of mast cells and basophils, in sera from aiCSU patients using the amplified luminescence proximity homogeneous assay (Alpha).

Methods: Sera were obtained from 14 aiCSU patients, as diagnosed by recurrent chronic spontaneous urticaria episodes and positive results for the autologous serum skin test and/or histamine release test (HRT). The AAbs to FcεRIα and IgE Abs were determined in sera from aiCSU patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Alpha by cross-linking (AlphaCL) of IgE Abs and/or FcεRIα.

Results: Serum anti-FcεRIα and anti-IgE AAb levels were not significantly different between aiCSU patients and healthy subjects in ELISA. Anti-FcεRIα AAbs were detected in 10 of 14 aiCSU patients who displayed positive (5/5) and negative (5/9) results in the HRT for anti-FcεRIα AAbs by AlphaCL, whereas no signals were observed in healthy subjects. Additionally, anti-IgE AAbs were detected in two of four aiCSU patients who displayed positive results in the HRT for anti-IgE AAbs.

Conclusions: A new assay method using AlphaCL can detect anti-FcεRIα and anti-IgE AAbs with FcεRIα- and IgE-crosslinking abilities in sera from aiCSU patients. This simple and practical assay method may be available as a diagnostic tool for urticaria patients.

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© 2022 by Japanese Society of Allergology
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