Affinity Diversification of a Polymer Probe for Pattern-recognition-based Biosensing Using Chemical Additives

Abstract

Pattern-recognition-based sensing has attracted attention as a promising alternative to conventional sensing methods that rely on selective recognition. Here, we report on novel strategy using chemical additives with the ability to modulate probe/analyte interactions to more easily construct pattern-recognition-based sensing systems for proteins and cells. The fluorescence of dansyl-modified cationic poly-L-lysine (PLL-Dnc) is enhanced upon binding to proteins in aqueous solution, while the addition of salts, inert polymers, or alcohols modulates the protein/PLL-Dnc interactions via a variety of mechanisms. Subsequent readout of the fluorescence changes produces response patterns that reflect the characteristics of the analytes. Multivariate analysis of the response patterns allowed for accurate identification of not only eight structurally similar albumin homologues, but also four mammalian cells. This strategy, which uses inexpensive and common additives, significantly improves the accessibility of pattern-recognition-based sensing, which will offer new opportunities for the detection of various bioanalytes.