人腸粘膜の細胞學的研究

III. 十二指腸腺に就て

抄録

The author have studied, histologically and cytologically, on the duodenal glands (glands of BRUNNER) from 5 healthy, executed men; chief obtained results were as follows:
BRUNNER's gland usually open into the bottom or to the side wall of LIEBERKÜHN's gland, seldomly at the bases of the villi. Human duodenal glands have no excretory ducts like other glands which are covered by characteristic epithelium. The so-called excretory ducts of other author's are nothing but secretory tubules with relatively wide lumen, because they are covered by the same glandular epithelium as the secretory tubules. The complicated branching showed by this gland belongs to the secretory portion, so we believe that BRUNNER's gland is not a compound one, but a branched simple gland.
The staining properties of the secretory granules in the glandular cells tell us that BRUNNER's glands belong to the mucoid glands.
The glandular cells of duodenal glands are in several secretory stages. The majority of them, however, are filled with secretory granules and the calls in early secretory stages, namely the empty calls and the cells charged with few granules in its apical portion are found scarcely. They occur usually in the beginning part of the secretory tubule near the opening of this gland. Therefore this portion was erroneously called excretory ducts by many authors. Furthermore the mitotic divisions and the young, undifferentiated cells are found in the same portion. From these facts the author came to a conclusion, that this portion is the compensation zone for the degenerating glandular cells.
The GOLGI apparatus of glandular cells is reticular. It is located in the plasma zone between the free surface and the nucleus. Its structure is simple in empty cells and the ones charged with few secretory granules. With the progress of secretory granula formation in the cytoplasm, it develops and forms a complicated network and its threads run tortuously between the secretory granules.
The mitochondria are filamentous and lod-like in shape. In cells filled with secretory granules they run between them and do not decrease remarkably. The functional significances of the GOLGI apparatus and the mitochondria in the formation of the secretory glanules are obscure.
In some of the glandular cells filled with secretory granules the vacuolisation of the secretory granules occurs. They are transformed into vacuoles which do not stain with mucin dyes. This phenomenon is taken for the ripening of the secretory granules. Most of these cells appear in the beginning part of the secretory tubules.