Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses of primary freshwater fishes can elucidate their evolution and adaptive radiation as well as paleogeography from a biological viewpoint. In this study, we investigated phylogenetic relationships of all the Japanese gudgeon species including recently described species and intraspecific lineages by analyzing mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and nuclear recombination activating gene 1 exon 3 (RAG1). Gudgeons were divided into five groups; Group 1 including Hemibarbus and Squalidus, Group 2 including Pseudogobio, Biwia, and Abbottina, Group 3 including Gnathopogon, Group 4 including Sarcocheilichthys, and Group 5 including Pseudorasbora and Pungtungia. We also showed that the large Cytb sequence difference of Gnathopogon elongatus between Tang et al. (2011) and previous our study was ascribed to lineage divergence of this species. We presented divergence time of gudgeons. Gobioninae originated about 30 million years ago, supporting the estimate of Liu et al. (2010). We discussed relationships between the divergence time and paleogeography.
https://ror.org/059x21724 
