Abstract
The present study was undertaken to revise the existent Foreign Language Listening Anxiety Scale (Kim, 2000) which is unable to identify sources of learners' anxiety. Participants (N=1,435) were asked to complete a 35-item questionnaire measured on a five-point Likert scale. Survey results were analyzed using exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses, yielding six factors of three items each: (A1) real-life listening, (A2) listening in the classroom, (B1) listeners' lack of knowledge, (B2) difficulties of the material, (C1) listeners' bottom-up processing, and (C2) listeners' metacognitive activities. A closer examination of model fit and comparisons with previous studies revealed that the extracted models were sufficiently valid to be accepted. This revised version of the listening anxiety scale enables us not only to measure learners' anxiety levels but also to identify its sources.
