Future Self-Guides, Engagement-Specific Learning Experiences, and Emotional States Support Motivated Behavior in Japanese Learners of English

Abstract

　　The currently dominant model of second language (L2) learner motivation is the L2 Motivational Self System, but the extension of the model by adding emotional variables is needed, as is the reconstruction of the ought-to L2 self from different standpoints and those of the L2 learning experience from an engagement-specific perspective. The present study aimed to explore motivation among Japanese EFL students by examining whether relationships among their future self-guides (ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self/own, and ought-to L2 self/others), engagement-specific L2 learning experiences in relation to basic needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), and different kinds of emotional states (anxiety and joy) contribute to their motivated behavior. Questionnaire data were obtained from 154 Japanese university students. Explanatory factor analysis indicated that distinctions between these three future self-guides were possible. Correlation analysis indicated that student engagement is associated with satisfaction with basic needs. The results of multiple regression analyses suggested that student engagement plays important roles in strengthening the vision of the ideal L2 self and increasing the positive emotions that contribute to their motivated behavior.