The application and prospects of gene editing technology in enhancing crop yields: A review

Abstract

The application of gene editing technology in agriculture has rapidly advanced, particularly demonstrating significant potential in enhancing crop yields. This paper introduces the basic principles of gene editing technology and its primary tools, including CRISPR-Cas9, TALEN, and ZFN. It further explores specific applications of gene editing in improving photosynthetic efficiency, enhancing crop stress resistance, and optimizing nutrient utilization. The successful implementation of gene editing in crop improvement is highlighted through practical cases involving rice, wheat, and maize. The paper also analyzes the technical challenges, ethical concerns, and safety issues associated with gene editing technology, proposing corresponding solutions. Finally, it forecasts the future development trends of gene editing technology, suggesting that with new tools and methods and advancements in precision breeding and multi-gene editing techniques, the application of gene editing in agriculture holds vast potential. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers and practitioners to further advance the application and development of gene editing technology in agriculture.