Abstract
Crop nutritional omics is a scientific field focused on studying the genetic basis of nutrients in crops and the regulatory mechanisms governing them. The goal is to uncover the molecular foundation of nutrients through multi-omics technologies, to enhance crop nutritional value via genetic improvement or breeding techniques. This paper systematically reviews the progress in crop nutritional omics research, including genome-wide association studies, quantitative trait loci analyses, and metabolomics studies, while delving deeply into the metabolic pathways of nutrients. Furthermore, the paper elaborates on nutritional traits' multi-level molecular regulatory mechanisms, encompassing gene expression regulation, post-translational modifications, and metabolic regulation. The influence of environmental factors on nutritional traits is also a key area of research, with gene-environment interactions being analyzed to elucidate how environmental factors affect nutrient synthesis and accumulation. Finally, the paper discusses the application prospects of nutritional omics research in molecular breeding, genetic improvement, optimizing crop varieties, and ensuring food security. The paper aims to provide an academic reference for future studies on crop nutritional omics and the regulatory mechanisms of dietary traits.
