Abstract
With the rapid advancement of genomics and biotechnology, crop genomics and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely applied in crop research. This article systematically reviews the fundamentals of crop genomics, covering genome sequencing technologies, gene annotation, functional prediction, and recent advances in comparative genomics. It then delves into the basic principles of GWAS, thoroughly analyzing methods for collecting phenotypic and genotypic data and data processing techniques, emphasizing the significant role of GWAS in elucidating agronomic traits, stress resistance studies, and gene mining. The article also discusses major challenges in crop genomics and GWAS research, such as the genetic analysis of complex traits, handling large datasets, and gene-environment interactions. Finally, future research directions are proposed, including the integrative analysis of multi-omics data and the application prospects of artificial intelligence and machine learning. This article aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive academic perspective and cutting-edge information to promote further innovation and development in crop genomics and GWAS.
