Abstract
In modern agriculture, molecular design breeding has gradually become a core technology for enhancing crop yield, quality, and stress resistance. This paper systematically reviews the applications and recent advancements in metabolomics and proteomics within this field. Metabolomics, through precise analysis of metabolite profiles, identifies metabolic markers associated with key agronomic traits and offers insight into crop metabolic responses under varying environmental conditions, supporting breeders in selecting high-quality varieties adapted to specific environments. Proteomics, by examining protein expression profiles and functional proteins, reveals the mechanisms underlying crop disease resistance and the development of complex traits. Integrating these molecular design breeding technologies accelerates breeding processes and promotes the comprehensive improvement of multiple traits. This paper presents successful applications of metabolomics and proteomics in breeding through specific case studies and discusses prospects and challenges in the field. This study aims to offer innovative perspectives for crop molecular breeding by delving into these frontier technologies.
