Abstract
With the global adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), their interaction with power systems has become a key research area in energy transition and smart grid development. Intelligent EVs are not only consumers of electricity but can also support power systems through technologies such as Vehicle-to-Grid, offering regulation capacity and flexibility. This paper systematically reviews the core technologies enabling intelligent EV and power system interaction, including smart charging and discharging management, Vehicle-to-Grid and Vehicle-to-Everything technologies, distributed energy storage integration, frequency regulation, and demand response services. It further analyzes the primary challenges facing current technological development, such as impacts on battery lifespan, lack of standardized protocols, adaptability of infrastructure, and cybersecurity risks. Additionally, the evolution of global policy frameworks and market incentive mechanisms is discussed, drawing insights from typical application cases and pilot projects. Finally, the paper envisions the future integration of intelligent EVs with power systems, emphasizing the potential of smart grid construction, renewable energy optimization, and the empowerment of big data and artificial intelligence. By comprehensively reviewing current research achievements and technological bottlenecks, this paper aims to provide scientific guidance for advancing intelligent EV and power system interaction, fostering innovation and practical applications in this field.
