Abstract
Peanut, as a globally important oil crop, has oil content as a key determinant of its economic value and market competitiveness. In recent years, rapid advances in genomics and multi-omics technologies have significantly advanced the understanding of the genetic basis and regulatory mechanisms underlying peanut oil content. Through genome-wide association studies, quantitative trait locus mapping, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, researchers have identified multiple key genes closely associated with lipid synthesis and accumulation. Additionally, gene-editing technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 have provided new breeding tools for enhancing peanut oil content, while molecular marker-assisted selection has accelerated the development of high-oil-content varieties. Furthermore, the integration of big data and artificial intelligence in data mining, gene identification, and breeding optimization has opened new research avenues. Studies have also highlighted the critical role of gene-environment interactions in peanut lipid metabolism, providing theoretical support for optimizing cultivation practices. This paper systematically summarizes recent progress in genetic research on peanut oil content, explores the application of multi-omics and modern breeding technologies, and discusses future research directions and challenges. This paper aims to provide theoretical guidance for the genetic improvement of peanut oil content and to inspire further research in this field.
