Abstract
The interaction between soil and water plays a crucial role in agricultural ecosystems, profoundly impacting crop water uptake, nutrient absorption, root development, and overall physiological function. Soil properties such as physical structure, porosity, and organic matter content determine the efficiency of water infiltration, retention, and utilization, directly influencing crop drought resistance and growth quality. Scientific water management practices, such as precision irrigation and soil improvement, can effectively enhance water resource utilization and promote healthy crop growth under varying environmental conditions. This paper systematically elaborates on the interaction mechanisms between soil structure and water dynamics, providing an in-depth analysis of key processes related to water infiltration, retention, and utilization, while also proposing optimization strategies to improve water use efficiency. The study further discusses the adaptive performance of soil-water interactions in extreme environmental conditions such as drought and flooding. This study aims to reveal the core mechanisms of soil-water interaction and provide theoretical support for scientific water management, aiming to achieve sustainable agricultural development and healthy crop growth.
