Abstract
Deep-sea carbonate reservoirs hold significant strategic importance in global oil and gas resources due to their unique depositional environments, complex diagenetic processes, and high heterogeneity, which pose major challenges for exploration and development. This paper systematically reviews the genesis mechanisms and classification characteristics of deep-sea carbonate reservoirs, focusing on the differences in depositional patterns and diagenetic processes compared to terrestrial carbonate reservoirs. By integrating recent advances in understanding pore structure, permeability, and the controlling factors of reservoir heterogeneity, the geological characteristics of deep-sea carbonate reservoirs and their influence on hydrocarbon accumulation are thoroughly analyzed. The paper further examines recent developments in seismic exploration, numerical simulation, and multi-physics data integration technologies, outlining the current status of exploration and development while identifying key technical bottlenecks under complex geological conditions. Future directions are proposed based on current research trends, including refining reservoir prediction models, developing novel exploration technologies, and incorporating ecological and environmental considerations. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical and technical reference for the academic community, supporting the efficient and sustainable development of deep-sea carbonate reservoirs.
