Abstract
Soil salinization and alkalization are major limiting factors in global agricultural production, posing severe threats to rice yield and quality. To address this challenge, research on the physiological and biochemical regulatory mechanisms of salt-alkali-tolerant rice has become a key area in agricultural science. This paper systematically reviews the adaptive response mechanisms of rice under salt-alkali stress, covering key aspects such as cell membrane stability, ion balance regulation, antioxidant defense systems, and signaling networks. First, the dynamic structure and functional regulation of the cell membrane play a central role in salt-alkali tolerance, where the synergistic action of membrane lipids and proteins maintains cellular integrity and material transport functions. Second, by regulating sodium-potassium ion balance through selective ion channels and transporters, rice sustains normal metabolic activities under salt stress. Additionally, the cooperative action of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants alleviates oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Hormonal signaling pathways and complex transcription factor networks also play crucial roles in rice responses to salt-alkali stress. Finally, this paper explores the potential and practical applications of gene-editing technology and rhizosphere microorganisms in enhancing rice salt-alkali tolerance. By summarizing the latest research progress, this paper aims to reveal the intricate regulatory mechanisms of salt-alkali-tolerant rice, providing scientific references for molecular breeding and agricultural practices.
