Abstract
Global population growth and climate change pose significant challenges to agricultural production, making the improvement of crop yield and quality a central task for sustainable global agriculture. Modern agrarian biotechnology offers innovative approaches to achieve this goal through microbiome regulation, biofertilizer application, and gene editing. This paper first reviews the composition and function of the plant microbiome and its crucial role in enhancing crop disease resistance and optimizing nutrient uptake. It then examines the applications and effectiveness of biofertilizers in enhancing soil fertility, promoting plant growth, and promoting agricultural sustainability. Finally, it evaluates recent advances in gene editing technologies for crop improvement, with a focus on their potential to enhance stress resistance and nutrient use efficiency. By systematically integrating and analyzing current research findings, this paper aims to provide scientific evidence and technical guidance for agricultural research and practice, contributing to global food security and sustainable agricultural development.
