Abstract
Against increasing global pressures on food security and ecological sustainability, soil nutrient management is shifting from experience-based fertilization toward digitalized, intelligent, and precision approaches. This study systematically reviews the scientific evolution, technological framework, and emerging frontiers of precision soil nutrient management. Based on bibliometric analysis, technological comparison, and cross-disciplinary synthesis, a three-tier technical framework is proposed, including multi-source “sky–air–ground” sensing systems, big-data- and AI-driven decision models, and precision implementation technologies such as variable-rate fertilization and integrated water–fertilizer management. Existing studies demonstrate that precision nutrient management can substantially improve fertilizer use efficiency, reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses, and optimize input–output ratios. However, challenges remain in data standardization, cross-regional model applicability, farmer-level adoption, and equipment costs. Future research should prioritize high-resolution real-time sensing, digital-twin-based process simulation, multi-objective optimization, and cross-scale model integration. Interdisciplinary collaboration and industry coordination will be essential for advancing intelligent and sustainable soil nutrient management.
