Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern-recognition receptors that play key roles in detecting microbes and initiating inflammatory responses. Ten members of the TLR family have been identified in humans. TLRs consist of an extracellular domain containing leucine-rich repeats and a C-terminal flanking region, and a cytoplasmic signaling domain, called the Toll/IL-1 receptor homology domain. Each TLR recognizes a distinct ligand (s) and induces different, sometimes overlapping, immune responses. Here, I show that TLR2 recognizes bacterial lipoproteins, while TLR3 recognizes virus-derived double-stranded RNA and triggers downstream signals leading to interferon production.
