イギリス農業史研究と環境論-コモンズの悲劇をめぐって-

抄録

There was a great response in G. Hardin's famous paper 'The Tragedy of Commons' in 1968. He argued in this paper that in England commons may destroy the environment of the area totally. He wanted to claim in this that population explosion was the big problem on the earth. Many people approved of him, but it was his big weak point that he didn't know the real commons in English history because he was not a historian. Many historians thought that before the enclosure, English people kept commons in the customs of village for the long history. Some historians also said that enclosure destroyed the stable system of the commons in England in 18 and 19 century. Very famous modern English historian, E. P. Thompson thought that Hardin insulted the popular culture and the tradition of co-operation in England. Conversely, some historians agreed Hardin's opinion. They thought that commons didn't lead the good results to agriculture. Hardin was constantly concerned about overpopulation in this world. Though there are a lot of criticism in his discussion, Hardin asserted that the tragedy of commons would be the big problem for the future. It is much to learn from his assertion.