Abstract
Splachnum melanocaulon (Wahlenb.) Schwagr. is added to the moss flora of Japan. It was found in the subalpine coniferous forest, about 1,700 m alt., on north slope of Mt. Nantai-san, Tochigiken, Honshu, Japan. It was found with many young sporophytes on an old deer dung on the forest floor, on May 29, 1988. The sporophytes of this species grow much earlier than those of S. ampullaceum which are usually found in August to September in Japan.
