Effects of Forest Conservation by Governance Style at National Parks in Indonesia

Abstract

In this study, we compared the effects of forest conservation under two types of national park governance, including attitudes towards local people in Indonesia. The rate of deforestation including primeval forests has remarkably increased in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, where large-scale illegal encroachment is recognized. Primeval forests were changed into coffee plantations. On the other hand, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, where collaborative management with local communities is being promoted, shows relatively small change in the rate of deforestation. The results show that the effects of forest conservation depend on the difference of governance. Primeval forests have slightly declined in the core zones of both parks, and the effect of zoning is noticeable in both parks.