The expansion of renewable energy generation is necessary to achieve a decarbonized society, but in many cases, it takes time for local communities to reach a consensus. In order to accelerate the introduction of renewable energy, it is effective to quantify the benefits to the local community from the construction and operation of renewable energy power plants and present them to local stakeholders. This paper analyzes a woody biomass power plant in the Oketsu district of Fukui Prefecture. First, the regional input-output table for the Oketsu district was created based on the Fukui Prefecture input-output table, and the regional economic revitalization effect of a woody biomass power plant was calculated. Through this work, we clarified the regional industrial structure of the Oketsu district and quantitatively indicated which industries in the region would benefit from a woody biomass power plant.

Solar-Sharing projects have been fully introduced since 2013. Though various problems appear now, they’re expected as revitalizing abandoned farmlands. This article aims to analyze residents’ attitude to solar-sharing from community perspective, through questionnaire survey on residents in Odawara City. The main result shows resident characteristics, such as moving experience or period of residence, have correlation with awareness of abandoned farmland, and attitudes for solar-sharing. It implies the necessity to research how to create community benefits through renewable energy projects.

In order to analyze the effect of internet use on the improvement or reduction of psychological resilience, we employed structural equation modeling on longitudinal survey data that were collected from university students. The results showed that students who predominantly utilize the internet for making empathic exchanges, for sharing both their hardships and joys while providing mutual online encouragement, as well as for consuming moving images that arouses their vitality and energizes their mental state, tended to show higher levels of resilience. Conversely, students with a propensity for internet addiction tended to show diminished resilience. Thus, the results suggest the possibility of improving resilience by altering how the internet is utilized.

We surveyed 13 woody biomass combined heat and power (CHP) facilities, tracing upstream log supply, midstream fuel production, and downstream CHP supply to final power and heat demand. Furthermore, we determined the exergy (Ex) utilization rate of the entire local circular system (LCS) and compared the degree of effective utilization of biomass resources. CHP capacity and fuel were selected based on upstream and midstream fuel supply, taking into consideration the balance between downstream power and heat demand. By adopting highly efficient equipment such as heat pumps and LED lighting to increase the Ex of electricity demand and incorporating hot water supply, air conditioning, and drying to increase the Ex utilization rate of heat demand, we can achieve an LCS that has a high Ex and contributes to decarbonization through optimal design efforts from the planning stage of buildings and facilities, including building applications.

The risk of elderly death from summer heatstroke and ischemic heart disease in Tokyo 23 wards was analyzed by coastal and inland regions, considering the persistence of high temperature experience. Experiencing 37°C at the high daily maximum temperature increased the risk of heatstroke by up to 3 days in coastal regions and up to 6 days in inlands. The risk of death was higher in coastal regions than in inlands under high daytime temperatures, while the risk was conversely higher in inlands under high nighttime temperatures of 28°C. Prolonged ischemic heart disease was seen for 12?13 days longer than heatstroke in coastal areas, and the risk of death was also higher in coastal region than inlands. The mobility of elderly population into coastal regions with a higher concentration of business and commercial districts decreased on days with higher daytime temperatures, which was confirmed as a large-scale behavior change.

In this study, we analyze how forecasting methods for PV power generation and demand affect cost, CO2 emissions, and battery capacity in local power systems. The choice of forecasting methods affects cost and battery capacity. For example, it reduces total cost by up to 38% and optimal battery capacity by up to 60%. CO2 emissions are reduced by increasing PV size, and the reduction varies with the forecasting methods: 8% for a less accurate forecasting method and 15% for a more accurate method. Insufficient and surplus imbalance rates are reduced by the introduction of batteries and private generator, and the reduction varies from 8% to 11%, depending on the accuracy of the forecasting methods.

CCS is one of the technologies being developed for total decarbonization. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively examine the effect of factors such as trust, usefulness, perceived risk, perceived benefit, and NIMBY on the acceptance of CCS technology in the People's Republic of China, where greenhouse gas emissions are high and experimental CCS operations are being conducted, by referring to previous studies on social acceptance and risk studies. The effects of trust, usefulness, perceived risk, perceived benefit, and NIMBY factors on acceptance of CCS technology were examined quantitatively. Furthermore, we attempted to analyze and evaluate what information about CCS influences acceptance and how.

In regards to the SDGs future cities throughout Japan, we conducted content analysis of 154 future city plans and interview surveys with 15 local government officials. Our investigation traced shifts in local SDGs policies' priorities, methods of SDGs response in comprehensive plan, the current state of internal and external dissemination in local offices, and the challenges faced in promoting SDGs. We found that SDGs mapping in future cities serves not only as a training tool in the SDGs department but also for other administrative departments. Compared to previous studies, the challenges future cities face differ from those in other local governments. For instance, some future cities have faced unique issues stemming from progressive initiatives.

Carbon fixation by soil is considered to be effective in controlling global warming. Since 40% of Japan's agriculture and forestry is in hilly and mountainous areas, hilly and mountainous soils have the potential to sequester carbon from the atmosphere. However, there is little knowledge about the actual condition of soil carbon content in hilly and mountainous areas and its variation factors. Therefore, we investigated the variation factors of soil carbon content in the intermountainous areas of the Kanto and northern Kyushu regions. We also examined the effects of soil application of charcoal and bamboo charcoal. Soil carbon content was affected by the soil carbon content before test (R=+0.99), average air temperature (R=-0.54), and soil exchangeable CaO content (R=+0.59). No changes in soil carbon content due to the application of charcoal or bamboo charcoal were observed at all test sites in this research.

We investigated the number of natural monument designations by municipality and field, and evaluated valuable shrine and temple forests that should be designated in the future in municipalities where the number of designations is low, in Osaka prefecture. The results revealed that the number of designated natural monuments is unevenly distributed by municipality and that the designation rate of plant communities is lower than that of individual plants. In addition, 5 of the 13 shrine and temple forests not designated as natural monuments were recognized as having value from three perspectives: the presence of scientifically valuable plant community, the degree of forest development, and naturalness and species diversity.

This study analyzed the value structure of a Power-to-Gas project in which a wind power producer installs a hydrogen production facility under the FIP system in Japan and produces hydrogen in response to fluctuations in the price of electricity sales, and examined the conditions under which the installation of the facility is viable. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using a case study in which the factors influencing the value change were decomposed into hydrogen sales price, average price of electricity sold, electricity price volatility, and unit cost of hydrogen production facilities. This analysis provided some suggestions on the level of each factor for the business model to be viable. Of these, the impact of the hydrogen sales price on value was significant, but other factors were also found to have a combined impact on value.

The aging of urban structures such as buildings and infrastructures has been getting serious in these years. Those material stocks should be appropriately maintained for a long period of time, however, budget constraints and labor shortage due to population decline seem to make the situation more difficult. This study aims to estimate the amount of Japan's sewer pipe stock and compare the obsolescence risk with combinations of soundness of the existing stock and population forecast among prefectures. As results, the amount of sewer pipe stock was estimated to be 115 million t in 2018, and the rates of aged stock requiring urgent maintenance were 29% for concrete pipes and 13% for PVC pipes, respectively. Obsolescence risk was high in Hokkaido, Nara, Yamaguchi, Miyazaki and Kagoshima, indicating that those especially need deliberate countermeasures for a long-term stock management.

The nexus structures of the UN sustainable development goals were analyzed by data-driven approach, such as sparse modeling and network analysis technologies. As the results, Japanese society formed a nexus structure between SDGs global goals and targets, and the nexus structures inferred from Local SDGs indicator database and extracted from SDGs future city plans had different characteristics. Our work can be utilized to help the comprehensive understanding of synergies and trade-offs among SDGs and support the inclusive planning, policy design and partnership beyond all sectors.

The present study aimed to identify factors that encourage and discourage meat consumption reduction and alternative meat consumption (i.e., pro-environmental food choice in the climate change context) and to examine the effectiveness of providing persuasive communication information on encouraging these food choices. Consumer questionnaire survey data analyses (n = 281) with five information conditions indicate that both food choice intentions were higher in the recommendation, environmental norm, and health norm conditions than in the control (i.e., no information) condition. The results suggest that specific information such as cooking methods and other information to stimulate health considerations is effective in encouraging pro-environmental food choice.

This study aimed to clarify tendencies and roles in consensus building of agreements under ordinances related to renewable energies. The results showed ordinances focused on PV facilities had increased rapidly, and they had many specific descriptions of environmental impacts and appropriateness of projects. In the case of Ena City, the municipality was limited to providing advice on agreements between local residents and proponents. And it prepared a template listed environmental impacts, appropriateness of projects, communications in regular or disaster period and local contributions. Furthermore, negotiations of locations for facilities which were difficult to restrict due to no regulations were considered in agreements.

In this study, we analyzed the relationship between interest towards agriculture and crops and consumers’ intention to participate in CSA. A total of 212 questionnaires were collected from Wakabadai district of Tottori City. The main finding are as follows: (1) It became clear that 35.3% of respondents indicated to participate in CSA.: (2) The consumer group showing a wide range of interest in agriculture and crops has a higher intention to participate in CSA compared to the “low interest group” and “indifferent group” who have low interest overall.: (3) It was thought that showing detail the role of played in regional agriculture by CSA would lead to the acquisition of subscribers as a strategies for dissemination.

Mammals often cause serious damage to ecosystems, agriculture, forestry, and residential environments. Hunters’ contribution to capturing such harmful mammals is expected. The useful information for hunters will be of great importance for enhancing their effective contribution. However, the prediction of capture sites based on past capture information is scarce in Japan. In this study, we utilized the deer capture records in Shimane Prefecture from 2010 to 2018 by applying high-resolution geodata and machine learning techniques to predict capture probabilities. The results showed that using CatBoost at a 250m mesh significantly improved the prediction performance compared to the ordinary method used in the species distribution prediction in Japan (Maxent at 1000m mesh).

This study explores the potential of 2D representations in the context of the growing availability of spherical image data. By comparing differently angled planar images generated from spherical images, we investigate differences in spatial impressions and gazing elements. We find that panoramic images enhance horizontal continuity perception, while circular images excel in capturing the sky. This study shows the possibility of consciously choosing representation methods to rediscover overlooked spatial elements.

This study aimed to clarify local acceptance of solar-PV facilities creating community benefits. In the case of Iizuka district of Sosa City, Chiba Prefecture, the questionnaire survey was conducted. The results showed that the awareness of the use of emergency power sources has a positive effect on the formation of the residents' supportive attitude toward the project. And the top cognitive factors that form a sense of support among residents are "control of greenhouse gas emissions," "strengthening of disaster response" and “regional revitalization." In addition, the most effective factor of influencing panel owners for the investment behavior is “expectations for long-term profits''.

Factors influencing citizens' current and future behavioral intentions to reduce plastics are discussed based on a questionnaire survey and analysis of the results. The results indicated that many people practice plastic waste reduction behavior on a regular basis. Multiple regression analysis revealed that communication within the household is related to the degree of implementation of plastic waste reduction. In order to promote plastic waste reduction behavior, it was considered important to create opportunities to talk about ways to reduce the use of plastic products in the household. In addition, it is important to raise interest in the "garbage problem" and the "species decline problem".

Japan has set the goal of achieving carbon neutrality (CN) in 2050 but still needs to clarify how to proceed with emission reductions and expanded carbon dioxide removals toward CN. In this study, using the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report scenario database, we analyzed the progress of emission reductions and carbon dioxide removals toward Japan's CN in 2050 and the states of CN. The results showed that the residual emissions and CO2 removals at the time of CN achievement varied between the scenarios. Corresponding to this range, the reduction of residual emissions and the expansion of CO2 removals leading up to the CN were different in each scenario, but on average, most scenarios focused on emission reductions, with a limited number of scenarios focused on CO2 removals.

In this study, a process was designed and analyzed through dialogue based cocreation of the causality diagram and simulation in Kutsuki district, to obtain suggestions for a community-based climate change adaptation process through exploratory scenario planning (XSP) in heavy snowfall region. As a result, 'additional public assistance' could be structured as a social impact in the future through simulation, with implications for adaptation measures. The design of processes through dialogue and simulation interaction is essential in sharing uncertainties among participants and identifying critical uncertainties in XSP.

This study explored the current situation and determinants of anxiety for climate disaster among the general populace by using a questionnaire survey. Its findings revealed that concerns for vulnerable people and the disruption of public services are elevated, while the anxiety stemming from climate change-induced natural disasters is relatively subdued. A factor analysis confirmed the existence of two factors: "trait anxiety" and "state anxiety." A higher level of both factors of anxiety was found among women, households with two or more individuals, and participants who primarily relied on television as their source of information. Furthermore, a stronger sense of climate anxiety was reported among those who lived near steep mountainous terrains and recognized climate change and its effects.

Recently, reinforced concrete members with densely arranged bars have become popular for the purpose of improving seismic performance. However, test method for passability to narrow space of soft-consistency concrete is not widely used. Therefore, examined the applicability of existing test method and its improved method, proposed a new test method, and examined its applicability using a prototype test apparatus.

We investigated the characteristics of the habitat of Dryopteris kinkiensis (a locally rare fern found in several areas in Japan) growing on traditional masonry walls made of Shirakawa-ishi stone (biotite granite) in the Kyoto Basin. Masonry walls made of other stones in the same area were used as control sites. The results showed that D. kinkiensis was significantly more present on the Shirakawa-ishi stone walls. Here, soil water content was relatively low, and the sky factor was intermediate, but their ranges were narrow. The growth probability was low in the sites that had been restored using mortar joints. Traditional Japanese masonry walls made of granite and other materials can contribute to the conservation of rare ferns. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to preserve these walls and leave room for the growth of ferns when repairing them.

In order to clarify future changes in heat stress, we evaluated the future heat stress in Kanto, Japan, in August by using the pseudo-global warming method. The future climate was calculated by dynamical downscaling of the d4PDF +4 K future and +2 K future climate simulations using WRF and then WBGT, a heat stress index was analyzed. The simulations showed a significant increase of areas classified as the most dangerous heat stress in the future. Calculations of the contribution of each weather factor to future changes in WBGT showed that radiation would be stronger effects in Otemachi, temperature would be higher influence in Kumagaya for the +2 K future climate simulations, and temperature would be more effective in both Otemachi and Kumagaya for the +4 K future climate simulations.

Traffic accidents are one of the factors that threaten the Tsushima leopard cat lives only in Tsushima, Nagasaki, Japan. In this report, using the results of a questionnaire survey conducted on Tsushima City residents, perceptions regarding traffic accident countermeasures and car driving attitudes were analyzed by comparing the results of past surveys. As a result, it was confirmed that outdoor sightings have been increasing, and the items of awareness regarding traffic accident countermeasures and so on have been increasing. Based on the results of these analyses, it can be said that educational activities on traffic accident countermeasures need to be used strategically, taking residential areas into consideration.

In this study, we examined the usefulness of text mining for newspaper articles as a method of overviewing trends in topics related to the SDGs. Specifically, we collected newspaper articles containing SDGs from the Asahi Shimbun, and attempted to understand the chronological trends in the number and volume of articles in question, as well as to visualize the relationships between words that appear. As a result, we were able to demonstrate the usefulness of text mining for newspaper articles.

Flushable hygiene products are widely used and contribute to the improvement of public health and living environment, which is the role of sewage systems. but it is reports that their products flushability aren’t sufficient. It is two standards for flushability tests of these products, which are specified by IWSFG and EDANA/INDA, but previous studies point out some problems of these tests. Therefore, we propose a new flushability test method that can be easily by anyone and confirm that the results have a correlation with IWSFG PAS3, Furthermore, the shear stress of flushable hygiene product calculate from the test and its validity is confirmed.

This study identifies parental generation groups that transmit nature experiences to their children. A nationwide online questionnaire (n=2,265) was administered to citizens with children. Findings show that individuals feeling the effects of nature experiences highly are more likely to pass them on at home. Those engaged in local nature activities during childhood are inclined to transmit experiences within the community.

The accumulation of material stocks within cities raises concerns about the potential future generation of a significant volume of waste. That is caused by the aging of urban structures and the increasing occurrence of natural disasters caused by climate change. Quantifying urban structures stock plays an imperative role in predicting future inflows and outflows, as well as formulating appropriate maintenance and management plans. In this study, Geographic Information System (GIS) was utilized to estimate and reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of construction material stocks in buildings and infrastructures across Japan. The estimated material stock in buildings was 11,800 million tons, while infrastructure accounted for 7,400 million tons in 2020. Moreover, the newly constructed floor area of buildings in a year was 117 million square meters, with 76 million square meters of demolished floor area over the period from 2016 to 2020.

This study discusses the issues of damage and evacuation in duplicated flood disaster and the methods of support systems. As a result of the analysis, no clear change was observed in the evacuation behavior of the victims even under multiple disasters. It was also revealed that the victims of the disaster had spent a large amount of money on reconstruction. Information sharing meetings between the government, disaster volunteer centers, and NPOs continued, and support for disaster victims was provided at support bases.

Workation has been gaining traction as a form of regional development, yet previous studies argued that information dissemination concerning its facilities needs to be improved. This study applied the Quantification Method of the Third Type and cluster analysis of the texts introducing the workation facilities listed on the portal website Regional Development Telework. This study aims to investigate the characteristics and issues related to the contents of dissemination in the three aspects of workation: work, leisure, and life. Results indicated that information on local interaction and living was less comprehensive than information on the work environment. Workation facilities should provide more information about the local areas, such as activities unique to the region and life experience programs to ensure successful regional development.

In recent years, cultivation abandonment lands are considered serious place as a deterioration of rural landscapes, the expansion of animal damage and illegal disposal of waste. The purpose of the research farmlands in Naka city, Ibaraki, Japan as a case study of potential for cultivation abandonment land. There are two main research points. First of all, the research clarify that which farmland considered by owner as a potential cultivation abandonment land by the list of Local Farmland Sale and Lease. How relation with cultivation abandonment land and their location characteristic of lands. Secondly, this study considered the significance and issues about the list of Local Farmland Sale and Lease and the farmland of potential cultivation abandonment land in the area. In conclusion, there is a relationship between the sale and lease of the entire farmland in the city and the potential abandonment of farmland as the owner's intention in the list. Especially, there are relation with the characteristics of the location and mainly in terms of elevation.

In surface soil contamination by lead, the soil excavation and removal is often used as a main remediation method, and there is concern about the adverse effects on the environment, economy, and society of excessive treatment. In this study, the sustainable remediation methods were examined by calculating parameters to evaluate the residual health risks and the environmental, economic, and social impacts of each remediation method at different excavation depths of the soil to be remediated, using actual measurements of the vertical distribution of lead content in the soil. It was found that with sufficient soil fill or pavement, 50 cm of the soil excavation and removal would reduce the health risk and halve other environmental impacts and costs of countermeasures. Measuring detailed depth profiles were found to reduce environmental, economic, and social impacts as well as health risks.

Efforts are being made to promote collaborative and community-based learning between local communities and high schools to foster talent that supports the community. This study aimed to practically elucidate insights into the design and management of communitybased learning through action research. Based on the practical implementation of communitybased learning at Y High School in Nagano Prefecture, the importance of designing instructional activities that align with students' interests, facilitate enjoyment, and encourage new discoveries about the community was demonstrated. In terms of the management process, the necessity of establishing a preparatory sharing session before class implementation, where instructors and teachers discuss teaching strategies and establish partnership, was evident.

The purpose of this study clarified the conflicts that arise between CommunityReactivating Cooperator Squad (CRCS) and Region Management Organization (RMO) from the coordinator's point of view, and how to deal with them from the coordinator's point of view, and presented the points of consideration and skills for coordination. Based in the results of interviews with coordinators in the case, conflicts in CRCS activities were clearly divided into four areas, and the coordinator's coping strategies were clarified within the theoretical framework that classifies them into avoiding, compromise, accommodation, and collaboration. The study concludes that coordinators need to be able to listen to both sides of a situation from a neutral standpoint and determine how to handle the situation.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the orientation of potential users toward each park and their choice of destination, and to discuss the management and operation of national parks in consideration of their use orientation, by taking up national parks in Japan. The results of an Internet questionnaire survey revealed that there are four axes that explain the content of activities. The use orientation was categorized into five types: "knowledge-experience oriented," "mind-body restoration oriented," "wilderness enjoyment oriented," "exercise oriented," and "appreciation oriented. The relationship between resource image and use orientation of national parks was also clarified.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the continuation of the Muramai System and the community structure and environmental responses to maintain farmland in communities cultivating rice for sake in Miki City, Hyogo Prefecture. The results of the existing questionnaires and individual interviews with the community confirmed the current situation of sake rice farmers and their future without successors. However, it was found that there is a possibility to maintain the house. In order to maintain the sake rice production area in the future, some internal farmers or external agricultural corporations will be responsible for agriculture, while the community will work with such farmers and non-farmers who own land to maintain the agricultural land and water use in consideration of disaster prevention and the plant and animal environment.

In this study, we created a CO2 concentration distribution map based on 10 years of collected data from CO2 concentration measurement stations established in the three prefectures of Tokai, which were then corrected based on the global observation values from the Minamitorishima, and a comparison of sites was conducted. As a result, 1) the distribution shape of the CO2 concentration distribution map in summer at each location is similar every year; 2) it was found that this can be confirmed by the confidence interval of frequency of wind speed occurrence in the summer main wind direction.

This study aimed to estimate the diet of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), which is an alien species in Japan. Largemouth bass samples were collected from two ponds in the Sakaigawa Retarding Basin. Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) were determined for the fishes. There was no difference in body length of juvenile largemouth bass between the two ponds. The estimated diet of largemouth bass in relatively large pond were organisms at the higher trophic level, regardless of their age. The estimated diet of largemouth bass in relatively small pond changed from planktons to organisms at the higher trophic level as their age growing.

The agricultural solar sharing is increasing. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to verify the possibility of this business to contribute for the local community through the relationship of actors. And it was used investigation by minute book of the Agriculture Committee's meetings and the information on FIT. The result showed that there was a trend to be borrowing from owners of farmland. And the actual condition of the actors that has been coming to grips with joint ventures became noticeable. As the fact, it was found out that the agricultural solar sharing contributed to local communities by enabling continuous agricultural management while utilizing the entries from the outside of districts where farmers are located by renewable energy companies.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the space occupied by the riverbank and the surrounding land use， focusing on the right bank of Gojo street to Shichijo street. The results show that the current riverbank occupation is the result of longterm maintenance of the riverbank in its original soil condition. The composition of the riverbanks is a combination of four types: (1) tall trees that have remained for many years and seem to have grown from seedlings， (2) installations such as shrines and banzai bridges that seem to have been made by local residents， and medium-sized trees planted with fruit trees， (3) temporary structures such as flowerpots that seem to have been made by local residents， and (4) landscape facilities such as decks and dry landscape gardens made by lodging and eating establishments. The results of the survey revealed that the four types of structures were a combination of the following four types.

In response to the Sustainable Brands survey of U.S. citizens in 2017 (SB survey), this study estimates the prioritization of key elements defining good life among the Japanese population. Through a web-based Max-diff survey involving 1,674 participants, priorities were determined for four central elements: "Balanced Simplicity," "Meaningful Connections," "Personal Achievement," and "Money and Status," as identified in the SB survey. Utilizing latent profile analysis, the study revealed that the distribution of priorities for these key elements could be categorized into four distinct patterns. Notably, the pattern giving the highest priority to "Balanced Simplicity" was the most prevalent at 38%. Furthermore, this preference was more pronounced among younger individuals, particularly those belonging to Generation Z, born after 1998.

We clarified characteristics of flora and vegetation in Mozu Kofun Group, the national historic site. The results of flora survey showed that the ratio of native plants in twelve tumuluses exceeded 60 percent. Both endangered species and specified alien species were identified. The results of vegetation survey showed that nine forest communities with two lower units were recognized, divided into four types by the difference in the stage of vegetation succession. Fourteen grassland communities with three lower units were recognized, divided into six classes on phytosociology by the difference in environmental conditions. Future conservation and management should include the conservation of endangered species and the extermination of specified alien species.

In order to achieve regional decarbonization, the participation and cooperation of local residents as well as the local government is important. In this study, we designed a dialogue workshop for local residents that incorporates the Future Design concept, which has been used for policy proposals, and conducted a survey and analysis of the participants' attitudes toward decarbonization in Kuji City, Iwate Prefecture. The results showed that while the Future Design based workshop generated ideas for future-oriented areas from the participants, there were few references to actions that could be taken immediately in the home. According to the results of the participant questionnaire, the number of items checked in the home eco-check increased after the implementation of the program compared to before, a useful finding that will lead to a change in awareness on decarbonization.

This study analyzes the relationship between the location of power generation facilities and the location of their owners, as well as the possibility of their utilization in the event of natural disasters, for projects in Shiga Prefecture certified under the Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) scheme for solar power generation. While the large-scale introduction of renewable energy is indispensable for the realization of a decarbonized society, in many cases, the urban operators with superior financial resources take the initiative in installing large-scale facilities, and the revenues are absorbed by the urban areas. In addition, many of the facilities are located in areas with a high risk of flooding and landslides. When introducing renewable energy, it is necessary to consider not only profits and reduction of CO2 emissions, but also the geographical characteristics of the surrounding area, consideration for local residents, and the benefits to the local community.