1975 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 2111-2116
The experimental and clinical studies on amikacin, a new derivative of kanamycin, were made. The results obtained were as follows.
1) The antibacterial activity of amikacin against the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was compared with those of DKB and GM. Thirty-two out of 36 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited by 1.56 to 25 μg/ml, with a peak distribution at 3.12 μg/ml.
This antibacterial activity was considerably inferior to that of DKB and GM each. Forty out of 42 strains of E. coli were inhibited by 1.56 to 12.5 μg/ml. This antibacterial activity was slightly inferior to that of DKB and considerably inferior to that ofGM. Eighteen strains of Klebsiella were inhibited by 1.56 to 12.5 μg/ml. In this case, the antibacterial activities of amikacin and DKB were almost the same, while GM was more active than amikacin.
Nine out of 10 strains of Proteus were inhibited by 3.12 to 12.5 μg/ml. In this case, the antibacterial activities of amikacin, DKB and GM were almost the same. Twelve strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inhibited by 3.12 to 50 μg/ml. In this case, the antibacterial activities of amikacin and DKB were almost the same, while amikacin was considerably less active than GM.
2) The peak serum concentration of amikacin administered intramuscularly to healthy adults was observed after one hour of dosing. The mean concentration level of two volunteers administered amikacin at a dose of 200 mg was 9.9 μg/ml and that of three volunteers administered amikacin at a dose of 100 mg was 5.6 μg/ml. Then, these concentration levels decreased gradually. The former reached to 1.9 μg/ml 6 hours after dosing and the latter to 1.2 μg/ml. The urinary recovery of amikacin within 6 hours of dosing was 60% or so.
3) Amikacin at a daily dose of 200-400 mg was administered to 9 patients, 7 with respiratory tract infections, 1 with urinary tract infections and 1 with intestinal tract infections. The effects and side-effects of amikacin were as follows. Bacteriologically, response was effective in 3, ineffective in 5 and unknown in 1. Clinically, response was effective in 4, and slightly effective in 3. No side-effects were observed.
