Prehospital Administration of Aspirin and Nitroglycerin for Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome　― A Systematic Review ―

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Background: Recent guidelines for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) recommend prehospital administration of aspirin and nitroglycerin for ACS patients. However, there is no clear evidence to support this. We investigated the benefits and harms of prehospital administration of aspirin and nitroglycerin by non-physician healthcare professionals in patients with suspected ACS.

Methods and Results: We searched the PubMed database and used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the certainty of evidence. Three retrospective studies for aspirin and 1 for nitroglycerin administered in the prehospital setting to patients with acute myocardial infarction were included. Prehospital aspirin administration was associated with significantly lower 30-day and 1-year mortality compared with aspirin administration after arrival at hospital, with odds ratios (OR) of 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35–0.99) and 0.47 (95% CI 0.36–0.62), respectively. Prehospital nitroglycerin administration was also associated with significantly lower 30-day and 1-year mortality compared with no prehospital administration (OR 0.34 [95% CI 0.24–0.50] and 0.38 [95% CI 0.29–0.50], respectively). The certainty of evidence was very low in both systematic reviews.

Conclusions: Our systematic reviews suggest that prehospital administration of aspirin and nitroglycerin by non-physician healthcare professionals is beneficial for patients with suspected ACS, although the certainty of evidence is very low. Further investigation is needed to determine the benefit of the prehospital administration of these agents.