Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Fertile Desynaptic Mutant Line in Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae)

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A desynaptic plant (2n=22) is screened from copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) treated (dry seeds exposed to 0.25 µg mL⁻¹, 4 h) M₁ population (one from 47 plants) of Coriandrum sativum L. (moisture content: 13.60%). Selfed seeds of the marked plant also yield a desynaptic plant (one plant out of five raised; 50 seeds sown) at M₂. The mutant plants show enhanced univalent frequency (diplotene-diakinesis: 0–14/cell, metaphase I (MI): 0–20/cell) and reduced chiasma/cell (diplotene-diakinesis: 12.58±0.95 to 12.20±1.34; MI: 12.11±1.13 to 11.64±0.97) than dry and bulk controls (diplotene-diakinesis: univalent frequency 0–4/cell, chiasma/cell 14.77±1.20 to 13.00±0.92; MI 0–4/cell, chiasma/cell 13.85±0.93 to 12.91±0.49). The marked plants document unequal chromosome segregation at anaphase I (AI) (10/12, 9/13, 8/14 and 6/16) and anaphase II (AII) (unequal groups) compared to cytologically balanced separation in controls. Pollen grains fertility is also reduced in the mutant plants (83.36 to 77.76%) than controls (96.91 to 89.88%). Both the M₁ and M₂ desynaptic plants yield seeds. Results suggest that CuO-NPs can alter meiotic synchrony of genes controlling retention of chiasma formation and maintenance, leading to the development of desynaptic mutant line.