Abstract
This article provides an overview of ultrasound-mediated gene delivery, particularly focusing on the carrier-free intracellular delivery of mRNA. By combining bubble agents, such as microbubbles and ultrafine bubbles, with ultrasound, precise and minimally invasive delivery of drugs to targeted sites can be achieved through acoustic cavitation. This approach is not limited by the modality of the delivered substance, making it useful for intracellular gene delivery. While bubble agents with modified shells can serve as carriers for various drugs and genes, the physical energy utilized in this method also enables carrier-free intracellular delivery of mRNA. The current application of carrier-free mRNA delivery is primarily limited to accessible tissues such as skin and skeletal muscle. However, further advancements in technology will be necessary to achieve delivery to deeper tissues in the future.
