Abstract
Zwitterionic polymers, characterized by the presence of both positively and negatively charged groups within the same monomer unit, exhibit unique hydration properties and biocompatibility. These properties enable to suppress nonspecific interactions with biomolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of zwitterionic polymer-biomolecule interactions, particularly focusing on hydration structures, protein adsorption, and surface functionalization. The discussion includes how structural factors affect hydration behavior and antifouling performance. Furthermore, the application of zwitterionic polymers in drug delivery systems（DDS） is also explored, including their use in protein conjugation, pH-responsive nanocarriers, and self-assembling micelles and vesicles. Recent studies have shown that the integration of computational and experimental approaches has provided design principles for constructing nanocarriers that are efficient, bioadaptive, and low in immunogenicity. The convergence of materials science, molecular interaction analysis, and computational modeling plays a key role in advancing the development of next-generation DDS based on zwitterionic polymers.
