Abstract
In order to control diabetic patients, basal and postprandial insulin supplementation must be needed. To facilitate rapid delivery or stabilize delivery of subcutaneous insulin, biotechnology realizes ultra-rapid delivered insulin and slowly delivered insulin. Ultra-rapid insulin well controlled postprandial hyperglycemia of diabetics by injection immediately before meal-intake. Slowly-delivered insulin may stabilize insulin delivery from subcutaneous depot of insulin and reduce the frequency of hypoglycemia. Various types of transmucosal delivery of insulin are established, such as insulin suppository, intranasal insulin, inhaled insulin, etc. Insulin suppository can be absorbed rapidly as intramuscular injection of insulin and control daily glycemic excursion by applying insulin suppository after every meal. As inhaled insulin, crystalline powder is inhaled for 3 minutes and insulin is appeared immediately in plasma. Insulin action lasts for more than 5 hours after inhalation. Thus, these approaches may improve “quality of life” of diabetic patients.
