Current Situation of Food Allergy among Elementary and Junior High School Children in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan

Abstract

Background: Food allergy (FA) is a public health concern with escalating prevalence, particularly among children. It is a phenomenon characterized by immunological reactions to specific foods. Recognizing the prevalent dietary allergens is crucial for public health and clinical interventions.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the current landscape of FA among elementary and junior high school students in Oyama and Tochigi cities, Japan. The investigation focused on prevalence, manifestations, and associated factors.

Method: An online survey was conducted among parents of children aged 6 to 15 years, distributed with the collaboration of education councils in Oyama City and Tochigi City. Data collection included demographics, allergy history, and current symptoms. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 28.0.0.0.

Results: Analysis of 2036 valid responses revealed significant differences in symptom prevalence between age groups and genders. Notably, 6-10 years old boys exhibited a higher symptom prevalence than 11-15 years old boys, while 11-15 years old girls displayed a higher symptom prevalence than younger girls. The prevalence of current FA showed statistical significance between boys of different age groups.

Conclusion: This study provides nuanced insights into the FA situation, emphasizing age-specific patterns and triggers. The sustained prevalence of FA underscores the need for ongoing research and targeted interventions to mitigate its impact on children. The findings contribute to understanding FA epidemiology, informing future investigations and interventions in pediatric food allergies.