Direct Imaging of Atomic Arrangement by Photoelectron Holography

Abstract

The developments of photoelectron holography, which can display atomic arrangement directly without complicated calculation, are described mainly focusing on its early stage. Several analysis methods for photoelectron holography have been described with applications to Si(001) and W(110)(1×1)-O surfaces. The Small Window method combined with the Energy Summation method reconstructed atomic arrangement within a unit cell in reasonable accuracy. However the accuracy remains about 0.3 Å, and is not good as electron or x-ray diffraction methods, and the reconstructed region is limited to nearest or second nearest atoms. The main difficulty in photoelectron diffraction comes from strong forward focusing peaks. Recent development of many analysis methods in photoelectron holography has overcome this difficulty and has made Renaissance in this field. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2012.169]