Nonmechanical methods of liquid crystal alignment and their potential for liquid crystal devices

Abstract

The alignment methods of liquid crystals (LC) and reactive mesogens alternative to traditional rubbing technique will be reviewed. Classification of such methods, their strengths and weaknesses as well as practical realization will be considered. A special attention will be paid to the methods of photoalignment and ion/plasma beam alignment, which are believed to be the most promising for practical use. Highlighting these methods, the author will be primarily based on long-term experience of own laboratory. New classes of photoaligning materials, exposure schemes and the methods to stabilize LC alignment will be reported. Alignment processing by particle beams formed in high vacuum and at atmospheric pressure will be considered. New opportunities offered by these techniques to LC devices will be discussed.