2022 Volume 64 Issue 7 Pages 1332-1338
A 24-year-old woman with acute lymphoblastic leukemia underwent bone marrow transplantation after myeloablative conditioning with chemotherapy and total body irradiation. After transplantation, she developed graft-versus-host disease, which was treated with immunosuppressive therapy. Eighteen years later, she developed appetite loss and was referred to our hospital. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy screening revealed early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the upper thoracic esophagus, which was successfully treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection. Thereafter, she has been free from recurrence for 2 years. The patient had no common risk factors for esophageal cancer, such as male sex, drinking, or smoking. Thus, bone marrow transplantation was considered the main cause of esophageal cancer. Esophageal cancer is one of the most common solid tumors that develop after bone marrow transplantation. Furthermore, total body irradiation and chronic graft-versus-host disease are known risk factors for the development of esophageal cancer. For early detection of secondary esophageal cancer, endoscopic screening should be performed after bone marrow transplantation.
