The Cartography of the Speaker and the Addressee

Abstract

This paper explores some syntactic properties of the CP zone with special attention to various types of adverbial clauses in English within the framework of the cartography of syntactic structures, initiated by Luigi Rizzi and Guglielmo Cinque (cf. Cinque 1999; Rizzi 1997, 2004). A refinement of Haegeman’s (2004) analysis of adverbial clauses is proposed, where those mood related elements that involve the speaker and the addressee should be licensed by different functional heads. It is also shown that some traditional descriptive Japanese grammarians’ insight into the degree of subordination sheds some new light on the nature of English adverbial clauses in English.