抄録
Esterase isozymes in two kinds of synthesized hexaploid wheat and its parental strains were analyzed by the isoelectric focusing method using pH 6-8 carrier ampholite. In present-day hexaploid wheat, three similar patterns of esterase isozymes were found. The large number of them had nine esterase bands, which are controlled by the genes on homoeologous chromosomes 3. On the other hand, the parental species of the hexaploid, also, showed inter- as well as intraspecific variations. Seven different zymograms were observed in the tetraploid wheats, among which type 4 distributed most widely in tetraploid species. Moreover, most bands of this zymogram were commonly found in the zymograms of common wheat. Therefore, the donor of AB genome to common wheat seems to have had this zymogram. The Tetra-Canthatch (AABB) which the D genome was removed from Canthatch (AABBDD) had the same zymogram, the type 4, of present-day tetraploid species. The type 4 of the esterase zymogram was, also, posturated as AB genome donor from this evidence. Another parent, Ae. squarrosa, involved three different types of zymograms. Artificially synthesized hexaploid wheat as the hybrids between type 4 tetraploid and three different types of Ae. Squarrosa were produced. Combinations between type 4 tetraploid and type 2 Ae. Squarrosa showed the same zymogram as compared with present-day hexaploid wheat. Therefore, type 2 Ae. Squarrosa was expected as D genome donor. Concerning the geographical distribution of type 2 Ae. Squarrosa, this type was found in the Elbruz Mountains along the coast of the Caspian Sea and Transcaucasus. Yet type 2 was not found in both countries, Pakistan or Afghanistan. From this evidence, birthplace of hexaploid wheat seemed to originate in the region from the south west Caspian belt to Transcaucasus.
