This paper reviews the effect of H2O in the mantle mineralsbased on the recent author's studies. The topics include the melting relations and the melt compositions of the mantle materials under hydrous conditions, the hydrous minerals in the earth interiors, especially hydrous wadsleyite and hydrous ringwoodite, the effect of H2O in the phase transition of olivine, the elastic properties of hydrous minerals, the rheology of olivine polymorphs between anhydrous and hydrous conditions, the dehydration of the slab constituentminerals, and the generation of komatiite magma in the hydrous mantle.